Alkohol meningkatkan kematian dan kanker (paru, kolorektal, prostat, payudara)

American Journal of Epidemiology published online 30 September 2011 © 2011  Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Prospective Study of Alcohol Consumption Quantity and Frequency and Cancer-Specific Mortality in the US Population.

Rosalind A. Breslow, Chiung M. Chen, Barry I. Graubard and Kenneth J. Mukamal.

Prospective associations between quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption and cancer-specific mortality were studied using a nationally representative sample with pooled data from the 1988, 1990, 1991, and 1997–2004 administrations of the National Health Interview Survey (n = 323,354).

 

By 2006, 8,362 participants had died of cancer.

 

Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks.

 

Among current alcohol drinkers, for all-site cancer mortality, higher-quantity drinking (≥3 drinks on drinking days vs. 1 drink on drinking days) was associated with increased risk among men (relative risk (RR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.41; P for linear trend = 0.001);

higher-frequency drinking (≥3 days/week vs. <1 day/week) was associated with increased risk among women (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.55; P-trend < 0.001).

 

Lung cancer mortality results were similar, but among never smokers, results were null.

For colorectal cancer mortality, higher-quantity drinking was associated with increased risk among women (RR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.18; P-trend = 0.03).

Higher-frequency drinking was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (RR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.38; P for quadratic effect = 0.03) and tended to be associated with increased risk of breast cancer (RR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.96, 2.17; P-trend = 0.06).

 

Epidemiologic studies of alcohol and cancer mortality should consider the independent effects of quantity and frequency.