Kejadian diabetes tipe 2 dalam masyarakat AS berkulit hitam telah mencapai tingkat yang memprihatinkan. Pola diet berkait erat dengan budaya masyarakat setempat. Namun dalam penelitian2 terdahulu hubungan asupan karbohidrat dan risiko diabetes tipe 2 belum dapat dijelaskan.
Penelitian kohort ini hendak menilai hubungan antara indeks glikemik, glycemic load, dan serat serealia terhadap risiko terjadinya diabetes tipe 2. Penelitian melibatkan 59 ribu wanita kulit hitam di AS mulai tahun 1995 dan diikuti selama 8 tahun.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks glikemik berasosiasi positif terhadap risiko diabetes. Serat serealia berhubungan terbalik dengan risiko diabetes tipe 2.
Sehingga disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan kadar serat serealia dalam makanan merupakan cara efektif untuk menurunkan risiko diabetes tipe 2.
Arch Intern Med 26 November 2007;167(20):2304-2309. © 2007 American Medical
Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Cereal Fiber Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in US Black Women,
Supriya Krishnan, Lynn Rosenberg, Martha Singer, Frank B. Hu, Luc Djoussé, L. Adrienne Cupples, Julie R. Palmer.
Background Previous studies of carbohydrate quality and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus have yielded inconsistent findings. Because diet is in part culturally determined, a study of dietary factors in US black women is of interest.
Methods We used data from the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study of 59 000 US black women, to examine the association of glycemic load, glycemic index, and cereal fiber with risk of type 2 diabetes. Diet was assessed at baseline in 1995 with a modified version of the National Cancer Institute–Block food frequency questionnaire.
Results During 8 years of follow-up, there were 1938 incident cases of diabetes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for quintiles of dietary factors, while controlling for lifestyle and dietary factors. Glycemic index was positively associated with the risk of diabetes: the IRR for the highest quintile relative to the lowest was 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.44). Cereal fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of diabetes, with an IRR of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.70-0.96) for the highest vs lowest quintiles of intake. Stronger associations were seen among women with a body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) lower than 25: IRRs for the highest vs lowest quintile were 1.91 (95% CI, 1.16-3.16) for glycemic index (P value for interaction, .12) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.24-0.72) for cereal fiber intake (P value for interaction, .05).
Conclusion Increasing cereal fiber in the diet may be an effective means of reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes, a disease that has reached epidemic proportions in black women.
