Distribusi lemak tubuh dan risiko terjadinya diabetes tipe 2

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indikator apa (indeks massa tubuh, lingkar pinggang dan rasio lingkar pinggang lingkar panggul) yang paling relevan sebagai prediktor diabetes tipe 2 untuk pria dan wanita.

Subyek penelitian dari MONICA Augsburg sebanyak 3.055 pria dan 2.957 wanita, berusia 35-74 tahun, yang tidak menderita diabetes, difollow-up selama lebih dari 9 tahun.

Ternyata baik lemak tubuh maupun lemak perut berhubungan dengan diabetes tipe 2. Maka untuk prediksi diabetes tipe 2 baik pada pria maupun wanita yang terbaik adalah melakukan pengukuran indeks massa tubuh dan lingkar pinggang.

Abstract

Body fat distribution and risk of type 2 diabetes in the general population: are there differences between men and women? The MONICA/KORA Augsburg Cohort Study

Christa Meisinger, Angela Döring, Barbara Thorand, Margit Heier and Hannelore Löwel American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, No. 3, 483-489, September 2006 © 2006

Background: It remains controversial whether body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a better risk predictor of type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The objective was to examine the sex-specific relevance of WC, WHR, and BMI to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Design: The prospective population-based cohort study was based on 3055 men and 2957 women aged 35-74 y who participated in the second (1989-1990) or third (1994-1995) MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases) Augsburg survey. The subjects were free of diabetes at baseline. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models.

Results: During a mean follow-up of 9.2 y, 243 cases of incident type 2 diabetes occurred in men and 158 occurred in women. Multivariable-adjusted HRs across quartiles of BMI were 1.0, 1.37, 2.08, and 4.15 in men and 1.0, 3.77, 4.95, and 10.58 in women; those of WC were 1.0, 1.15, 1.57, and 3.40 in men and 1.0, 3.21, 3.98, and 10.70 in women; those of WHR were 1.0, 1.14, 1.80, and 2.84 in men and 1.0, 0.82, 2.06, and 3.51 in women. In joint analyses, the highest risk was observed in men and women with a high BMI in combination with a high WC and a high WHR.

Conclusions: Both overall and abdominal adiposity were strongly related to the development of type 2 diabetes. Because there was an additive effect of overall and abdominal obesity on risk prediction, WC should be measured in addition to BMI to assess the risk of type 2 diabetes in both sexes.