Asupan daging menyebabkan gangguan mata

Penyakit mata degenerasi retina yang disebut age-related macular degeneration (disingkat AMD) merupakan penyebab kebutaan utama pada orang tua.

AMD berhubungan dengan pola diet seseorang.

 

Untuk membuktikan hubungan ini, peneliti melakukan studi kohort terhadap 6.734 orang berusia 58-69 tahun, pada tahun 1990 sampai 1994 di Melbourne, Australia.

 

Pada follow-up tahun 2003 sampai 2006 dilakukan pemeriksaan retina, ditemukan 1680 kasus AMD awal dan 77 kasus AMD lanjut.

 

Hasil analisis odd ratio mendapatkan asupan daging merah lebih tinggi berhubungan signifikan dengan terjadinya AMD pada usia lebih muda.

Konsumsi daging merah 10 kali per minggu berisiko 1,47 kali lebih besar dibanding konsumsi daging merah kurang 5 kali per minggu.

Sebaliknya konsumsi daging ayam 3,5 kali per minggu berisiko 0,43 kali lebih kecil dibanding konsumsi daging ayam kurang 1,5 kali per minggu.

 

Kesimpulan jenis daging berpengaruh terhadap risiko AMD sehingga memungkinkan dilakukan modifikasi life-style 

 

 

Abstrak

American Journal of Epidemiology published online on February 20, 2009 (doi:10.1093/aje/kwn393) © The Author 2009
Red Meat and Chicken Consumption and Its Association With Age-related Macular Degeneration. Elaine W-T Chong, Julie A. Simpson, Luibov D. Robman et al.

Diet Mediterranean memperbaiki sindroma metabolik

Penelitian ini membandingkan efek diet Mediterrania (MedDiet) terhadap diet rendah lemak untuk penderita sindroma metabolik.

Penelitian diikuti lebih dari 1200 partisipan dari multisenter, dengan desain 3-arm randomized clinical trial. Partisipan adalah orang tua yang berisiko menderita penyakit kardiovaskuler.

 

Diet yang diberikan adalah 1)MedDiet + 1 L/minggu virgin olive oil (MedDiet+VOO) ; 2) Med Diet + 30 g/hari kacang2an (MedDiet+nuts) dan 3) diet rendah lemak (grup kontrol). Diet adalah ad libitum (tidak ada pembatasan kalori), dan tidak ada peningkatan aktivitas partisipan (tidak dianjurkan exercise).

 

Pada baseline 61,4% partisipan adalah penderita sindroma metabolik. Setelah 1 tahun menjalani diet maka prevalensi sindroma metabolik menurun.

Untuk MedDiet+VOO turun 6,7% P  = .18; untuk MedDiet+nuts turun 13,7% P = .01; untuk diet rendah lemak turun 2%.

Odd rasio untuk reversion sindroma metabolik adalah 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.1) untuk grup MedDiet+VOO. Sedangkan untuk grup MedDiet+nuts adalah 1.7 (1.1-2.6) dibanding grup kontrol.

 

Kesimpulan diet mediterrania ditambah kacang2an bermanfaat dalam manajemen sindroma metabolik.

 

Abstract

 

Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Supplemented With Nuts on Metabolic Syndrome Status

One-Year Results of the PREDIMED Randomized Trial

Jordi Salas-Salvadó, MD, PhD; Joan Fernández-Ballart, MD, PhD; Emilio Ros, MD, PhD; Miguel-Angel Martínez-González, MD, PhD; Montserrat Fitó, MD, PhD; Ramon Estruch, MD, PhD; Dolores Corella, DPharm, PhD; Miquel Fiol, MD, PhD; Enrique Gómez-Gracia, MD, PhD; Fernando Arós, MD, PhD; Gemma Flores, MD; José Lapetra, MD, PhD; Rosa Lamuela-Raventós, DPharm, PhD; Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez, DPharm, PhD; Mònica Bulló, PhD; Josep Basora, MD; María-Isabel Covas, DPharm, PhD; for the PREDIMED Study Investigators

Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(22):2449-2458.

Background  Epidemiological studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) may reduce the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome (MetS). We compared the 1-year effect of 2 behavioral interventions to implement the MedDiet vs advice on a low-fat diet on MetS status.

Methods  A total of 1224 participants were recruited from the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) Study, a multicenter, 3-arm, randomized clinical trial to determine the efficacy of the MedDiet on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Participants were older subjects at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Interventions were quarterly education about the MedDiet plus provision of either 1 L/wk of virgin olive oil (MedDiet + VOO) or 30 g/d of mixed nuts (MedDiet + nuts), and advice on a low-fat diet (control diet). All diets were ad libitum, and there was no increase in physical activity for any of the interventions. Lifestyle variables and MetS features as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were assessed.

Results  At baseline, 61.4% of participants met criteria for the MetS. One-year prevalence was reduced by 6.7%, 13.7%, and 2.0% in the MedDiet + VOO, MedDiet + nuts, and control diet groups, respectively (MedDiet + nuts vs control groups, P = .01; MedDiet + VOO vs control group, P  = .18). Incident rates of the MetS were not significantly different among groups (22.9%, 17.9%, and 23.4%, respectively). After adjustment for sex, age, baseline obesity status, and weight changes, the odds ratios for reversion of MetS were 1.3 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.1) for the MedDiet + VOO group and 1.7 (1.1-2.6) for the MedDiet + nuts group compared with the control diet group.

Conclusion  A traditional MedDiet enriched with nuts could be a useful tool in the management of the MetS.

Perut buncit berakibat gangguan ingatan

Hubungan antara obesitas dan penyakit jantung serta diabetes telah banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini mencari hubungan antara obesitas dan dementia (gangguan ingatan). Diteliti >6500 subyek, dari catatan medis 36 tahun kemudian, sebanyak 1049 pasien (15.9%) didiagnosis dementia.

 

Peneliti mendapatkan bahwa subyek dengan sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) terbesar (the highest quintiles) berisiko 3 kali lebih besar untuk terkena dementia dibanding mereka dengan SAD terkecil (the lowest quintiles).

 

Bila menyertakan indeks massa tubuh, subyek obes (IMT>30) dan SAD terbesar menghadapi risiko 3,6 kali.

 

Kesimpulan obesitas sentral meningkatkan risiko dementia terlepas dari diabetes dan penyakit jantung. Mekanisme hubungan obesitas dan dementia perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.

Abstract

Neurology, September 30 2008;71:1057-1064 © 2008 American Academy of Neurology
Central obesity and increased risk of dementia more than three decades later.

R. A. Whitmer, PhD, D. R. Gustafson, PhD, E. Barrett-Connor, MD, M. N. Haan, DrPH, E. P. Gunderson, PhD and K. Yaffe, MD

From Kaiser Permanente Division of Research (R.A.W., E.P.G.), Oakland, CA; Goteberg University (D.R.G.), Goteberg, Sweden; the Department of Family Medicine (E.B.-C.), University of California, La Jolla; the Department of Epidemiology (M.N.H.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and the Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology (K.Y.), University of California, San Francisco.

Background: Numerous reports show that a centralized distribution of adiposity is a more dangerous risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes than total body obesity. No studies have evaluated whether the same pattern exists with dementia. The objective was to evaluate the association between midlife central obesity and risk of dementia three decades later.

Methods: A longitudinal analysis was conducted of 6,583 members of Kaiser Permanente of Northern California who had their sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) measured in 1964 to 1973. Diagnoses of dementia were from medical records an average of 36 years later, January 1, 1994, to June 16, 2006. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, marital status, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, heart disease, and medical utilization were conducted.

Results: A total of 1,049 participants (15.9%) were diagnosed with dementia. Compared with those in the lowest quintile of SAD, those in the highest had nearly a threefold increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.33–3.33), and this was only mildly attenuated after adding body mass index (BMI) to the model (hazard ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.58–2.35). Those with high SAD (>25 cm) and normal BMI had an increased risk (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% CI, 0.98–3.81) vs those with low SAD (<25 cm) and normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), whereas those both obese (BMI >30 kg/m²) and with high SAD had the highest risk of dementia (HR, 3.60; 95% CI, 2.85–4.55).

Conclusions: Central obesity in midlife increases risk of dementia independent of diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities. Fifty percent of adults have central obesity; therefore, mechanisms linking central obesity to dementia need to be unveiled.