Efek probiotik pada anak

 

Penelitian menilai pengaruh pemberian probiotik pada anak terhadap gejala 'masuk angin' (cold) dan 'influenza-like' selama musim dingin.

Desain penelitian double-blind, placebo-controlled dengan subyek 326 anak berusia 3-5 tahun. Subyek dibagi 3 kelompok, plasebo (N=104), Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (N = 110), atau kombinasi L acidophilus NCFM dan Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bi-07 (N = 112). Diberikan probiotik dua kali sehari selama 6 bulan.

1. Hasilnya penelitian menunjukkan  pemberian probiotik tunggal dan kombinasi mengurangi insidan demam sebesar 53.0% (P = .0085) dan 72.7% (P = .0009).

2. Mengurangi insidan batuk sebesar 41.4% (P = .027) and 62.1% (P = .005).

3. Mengurangi insiden pilek (rhinorrhea) sebesar 28.2% (P = .68) and 58.8% (P = .03).

4. Durasi demam, batuk dan pilek juga berkurang signifikan dibanding plasebo sebesar 32% (single strain; P = .0023) dan 48% (strain combination; P < .001).

5. Sehingga penggunaan antibiotika dapat diturunkan signifikan sebesar 68.4% (single strain; P = .0002) dan 84.2% (strain combination; P < .0001) dibanding plasebo.

6. Jumlah hari absen pada kelompok yang mendapat probiotik juga berkurang signifikan sebesar 31.8% (single strain; P = .002) dan 27.7% (strain combination; P < .001) dibanding plasebo.

Kesimpulan pemberian probiotik setiap hari selama 6 bulan merupakan cara yang aman dan efektif untuk mengurangi insiden demam, batuk dan pilek, sehingga mengurangi pemberian antibiotika dan sekaligus mengurangi jumlah hari absen pada anak prasekolah usia 3-5 tahun. 

Pediatrics Vol. 124 No. 2 August 2009, pp. e172-e179 © American Academy of Pediatrics.
Probiotic Effects on Cold and Influenza-Like Symptom Incidence and Duration in Children. Gregory J. Leyer, PhD, Shuguang Li, MS, Mohamed E. Mubasher, PhDc Cheryl Reifer, PhD and Arthur C. Ouwehand, PhD.
Probiotic Effects on Cold and Influenza-Like Symptom Incidence and Duration in Children

OBJECTIVE: Probiotic consumption effects on cold and influenza-like symptom incidence and duration were evaluated in healthy children during the winter season.

METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 326 eligible children (3–5 years of age) were assigned randomly to receive placebo (N = 104), Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM (N = 110), or L acidophilus NCFM in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis Bi-07 (N = 112). Children were treated twice daily for 6 months.

RESULTS: Relative to the placebo group, single and combination probiotics reduced fever incidence by 53.0% (P = .0085) and 72.7% (P = .0009), coughing incidence by 41.4% (P = .027) and 62.1% (P = .005), and rhinorrhea incidence by 28.2% (P = .68) and 58.8% (P = .03), respectively. Fever, coughing, and rhinorrhea duration was decreased significantly, relative to placebo, by 32% (single strain; P = .0023) and 48% (strain combination; P < .001). Antibiotic use incidence was reduced, relative to placebo, by 68.4% (single strain; P = .0002) and 84.2% (strain combination; P < .0001). Subjects receiving probiotic products had significant reductions in days absent from group child care, by 31.8% (single strain; P = .002) and 27.7% (strain combination; P < .001), compared with subjects receiving placebo treatment.

CONCLUSION: Daily dietary probiotic supplementation for 6 months was a safe effective way to reduce fever, rhinorrhea, and cough incidence and duration and antibiotic prescription incidence, as well as the number of missed school days attributable to illness, for children 3 to 5 years of age.