Beberapa penelitian epidemiologi menyimpulkan bahwa kopi (baik caffeinated maupun decaffeinated) dapat mengurangi risiko diabetes. Ini mungkin berhubungan dengan penurunan berat badan. Penurunan berat badan diduga berhubungan dengan kandungan kafein dan zat2 lain dalam kopi (chlorogenic acid dan quinides). Namun kopi dapat menyebabkan kenaikan tekanan darah akut sehingga ditakutkan akan meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskuler. Satu penelitian singkat menyimpulkan bahwa kopi decaffeinated tidak menaikan tekanan darah. Dengan demikian konsumsi kopi decaffeinated lebih aman dan tetap dapat mengurangi risiko diabetes.
Abstract
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, No. 4, 682-693, October 2006 © 2006 American Society for Nutrition. Coffee, diabetes, and weight control. James A Greenberg, Carol N Boozer and Allan Geliebter. From the Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, New York NY (JAB), and the Department of Medicine, Columbia University and New York Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY (NB and AG) Several prospective epidemiologic studies over the past 4 y concluded that ingestion of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee can reduce the risk of diabetes. This finding is at odds with the results of trials in humans showing that glucose tolerance is reduced shortly after ingestion of caffeine or caffeinated coffee and suggesting that coffee consumption could increase the risk of diabetes. This review discusses epidemiologic and laboratory studies of the effects of coffee and its constituents, with a focus on diabetes risk. Weight loss may be an explanatory factor, because one prospective epidemiologic study found that consumption of coffee was followed by lower diabetes risk but only in participants who had lost weight. A second such study found that both caffeine and coffee intakes were modestly and inversely associated with weight gain. It is possible that caffeine and other constituents of coffee, such as chlorogenic acid and quinides, are involved in causing weight loss. Caffeine and caffeinated coffee have been shown to acutely increase blood pressure and thereby to pose a health threat to persons with cardiovascular disease risk. One short-term study found that ground decaffeinated coffee did not increase blood pressure. Decaffeinated coffee, therefore, may be the type of coffee that can safely help persons decrease diabetes risk. However, the ability of decaffeinated coffee to achieve these effects is based on a limited number of studies, and the underlying biological mechanisms have yet to be elucidated.
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