Adult Obesity and Number of Years Lived with and without Cardiovascular Disease

M. Carolina Pardo Silva*,, Chris De Laet*, Wilma J. Nusselder*, Abdulah A. Mamun and Anna Peeters*, * Department of Public Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the differences in number of years lived free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and number of years lived with CVD between men and women who were obese, pre-obese, or normal weight at 45 years of age. Research Methods and Procedures: We constructed multistate life tables for CVD, myocardial infarction, and stroke, using data from 2551 enrollees (1130 men) in the Framingham Heart Study who were 45 years of age. Results: Obesity and pre-obesity were associated with fewer number of years free of CVD, myocardial infarction, and stroke and an increase in the number of years lived with these diseases. Forty-five-year-old obese men with no CVD survived 6.0 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1; 8.1] fewer than their normal weight counterparts, whereas, for women, the difference between obese and normal weight subjects was 8.4 years (95% CI: 6.2; 10.8). Obese men and women lived with CVD 2.7 (95% CI: 1.0; 4.4) and 1.4 years (95% CI: -0.3; 3.2) longer, respectively, than normal weight individuals. Discussion: In addition to reducing life expectancy, obesity before middle age is associated with a reduction in the number of years lived free of CVD and an increase in the number of years lived with CVD. Such information is paramount for preventive and therapeutic decision-making by individuals and practitioners alike.

Para peneliti dari Belanda dan Australia ingin mengetahui masa depan orang obesitas, pra-obesitas dan orang normal mulai usia 45 tahun, terhadap terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler (PKV), infark miokard (IM) dan strok. Data diambil dari Framingham Heart Study, jumlah sampel 2551 orang, 1130 laki2 dan sisanya wanita.

Ternyata keadaan obesitas dan pra-obesitas menyebabkan lebih sedikit tahun kehidupan tanpa PKV, IM dan strok. Dengan kata lain obesitas dan pra-obesitas menyebabkan seseorang lebih lama hidup mengidap ketiga penyakit tersebut. Laki2 usia 45 tahun dengan obesitas 6 tahun lebih awal terkena PKV dibanding laki2 normal usia yang sama. Untuk wanita perbedaan mencapai 8,4 tahun. Sedangkan laki2 dan wanita obesitas menderita PKV masing2 2,7 tahun dan 1,4 tahun lebih lama dibanding orang normal.

Kesimpulannya obesitas pada usia pertengahan akan memperpendek waktu hidup bebas PKV dan memperpanjang penderitaan PKV. Sehingga pencegahan dan terapi obesitas pada usia pertengahan adalah sangat penting.