Margarin dilarang di California

California adalah negara bagian pertama yang melarang penggunaan asam lemak trans dalam makanan. Asam lemak trans terkandung dalam margarin setelah proses shortening. Asam lemak trans adalah salah satu penyebab utama aterosklerosis. Sumber Associated Press 'California bans restaurants from using trans fat' July 26, 2008 3:47 AM ET

Suplementasi gizi meningkatkan fungsi intelektual

Penelitian ini menarik sekali karena dilakukan prospektif kohort pada 2392 anak di pedesaan di Guatemala pada tahun 1969 sampai 1977.

 

30 tahun kemudian dilakukan pengukuran skor test Serie Interamericana (InterAmerican Series) dan test Raven Progressive Matrices, pada tahun 2002 dan 2004.

 

Hasil test menunjukkan bahwa anak2 yang mendapat suplementasi protein skornya meningkat masing2 3.46 poin(95% confidence interval, –1.26 to 8.18) dan 1.74 poin (95% confidence interval, 0.53-2.95).

 

Kesimpulan gizi baik pada fase awal kehidupan akan meningkatkan fungsi intelektual pada usia dewasa.

 

Berikut ini abstrak penelitian

Nutritional Supplementation in Early Childhood, Schooling, and Intellectual Functioning in Adulthood

A Prospective Study in Guatemala

Aryeh D. Stein, MPH, PhD; Meng Wang, MS; Ann DiGirolamo, PhD; Ruben Grajeda, MD; Usha Ramakrishnan, PhD; Manuel Ramirez-Zea, MD, PhD; Kathryn Yount, PhD; Reynaldo Martorell, PhD

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(7):612-618.

Objective  To estimate the association of improved nutrition in early life with adult intellectual functioning, controlling for years of schooling.

Design  Prospective cohort study.

Setting  Four villages in Guatemala, as well as locations within Guatemala to which cohort members migrated.

Participants  Individuals who had participated as children in a nutrition supplementation intervention trial from March 1, 1969, through February 28, 1977 (N = 2392). From May 1, 2002, through April 30, 2004, adequate information for analysis was obtained from 1448 of 2118 individuals (68.4%) not known to have died.

Interventions  Individuals exposed to atole (a protein-rich enhanced nutrition supplement) at birth through age 24 months were compared with those exposed to the supplement at other ages or to fresco, a sugar-sweetened beverage. We measured years of schooling by interview.

Main Outcome Measures  Scores on the Serie Interamericana (InterAmerican Series) tests of reading comprehension and the Raven Progressive Matrices, obtained from May 1, 2002, through April 30, 2004.

Results  In models controlling for years of schooling and other predictors of intellectual functioning, exposure to atole at birth to age 24 months was associated with an increase of 3.46 points (95% confidence interval, –1.26 to 8.18) and 1.74 points (95% confidence interval, 0.53-2.95) on the InterAmerican Series and Raven Progressive Matrices tests, respectively. There was no statistical interaction between exposure to atole at birth to age 24 months and years of schooling on either outcome (P = .24 and P = .60, respectively).

Conclusion  Improved early-life nutrition is associated with increased intellectual functioning in adulthood after taking into account the effect of schooling.

Author Affiliations: Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (Drs Stein, DiGirolamo, Ramakrishnan, Yount, and Martorell and Ms Wang); and Unit of Public Policies, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala (Drs Grajeda and Ramirez-Zea).

Makanan sehat mengurangi risiko diabetes dan penyakit jantung

Penelitian ini menilai hubungan pola makan dan risiko diabetes, penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), dan kematian. Analisis prospektif dilakukan terhadap 7.731 pria dan wanita berumur rata² 50 tahun dan difollow up selama 15 tahun.

 

Berdasarkan pola makan dibagi dalam 4 kelompok:

1.      Tidak sehat (roti putih, daging olahan, gorengan dan susu full cream, n=2665)

2.      Manis (roti putih, biscuit, cakes, daging olahan, high-fat dairy products, n=1042)

3.      Mediterranean-like (buah, sayur, nasi, pasta, wine, n=1361)

4.      Sehat  (buah, sayur, whole-meal bread, low-fat dairy, dan sedikit alkohol, n = 2663)

 

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola makan sehat mengurangi risiko PJK (fatal dan non-fatal) dan diabetes dengan rasio Hazard 0,71 dan 0,74.

 

Kesimpulan penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pola makan yang sehat dapat mengurangi risiko diabetes dan PJK.

 

 

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 87(5):1414-1421, May 2008© 2008 to the American Society for Nutrition
Dietary patterns and 15-y risks of major coronary events, diabetes, and mortality

Eric J Brunner, Annhild Mosdøl, Daniel R Witte, Pekka Martikainen, Mai Stafford, Martin J Shipley and Michael G Marmot

Background: Few studies have examined the long-term effect of habitual diet on risks of incident diabetes, coronary heart disease, and mortality.

Objective: We analyzed the prospective relation of dietary patterns with incident chronic disease and mortality during 15 y of follow-up in the Whitehall II study.

Design: We conducted a prospective analysis (106 633 person-years at risk) among men and women (n = 7731) with a mean age of 50 y at the time of dietary assessment (127-item food-frequency questionnaire). Coronary death or nonfatal myocardial infarction and incident diabetes were verified by record tracing and oral-glucose-tolerance tests.

Results: Cluster analysis identified 4 dietary patterns at baseline. The patterns were termed unhealthy (white bread, processed meat, fries, and full-cream milk; n = 2665), sweet (white bread, biscuits, cakes, processed meat, and high-fat dairy products; n = 1042), Mediterranean-like (fruit, vegetables, rice, pasta, and wine; n = 1361), and healthy (fruit, vegetables, whole-meal bread, low-fat dairy, and little alcohol; n = 2663). Compared with the unhealthy pattern, the healthy pattern reduced the risk of coronary death or nonfatal myocardial infarction and diabetes; hazard ratios (95% CI) were 0.71 (0.51, 0.98) and 0.74 (0.58, 0.94), respectively, after adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, dietary energy misreporting, social position, smoking status, and leisure-time physical activity. Dietary pattern was not associated with all-cause mortality. Residual confounding by socioeconomic factors was unlikely to account for the observed dietary effects.

Conclusions: The healthy eating pattern reduced risks of diabetes and major coronary events. Such dietary patterns offer considerable health benefits to individuals and contribute to public health.